By Abdullah Ibrahim
Sacrifices are an often reoccurring theme in the Torah. The Quran too acknowledges that animal sacrifice was commanded by God in the time of Moses(Surah 2, Al Baqarah, verse 67). Its main meaning was that it made atonement, it took away the sins of the people who offered it (Leviticus 17:11). In that way they became acceptable before God because the punishment for their sin was paid on their behalf symbolically by the animal that was sacrificed. The whole procedure was to point to a perfect sacrifice about to come in the future(Isaiah 53). The Gospel says:
"Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him." (Hebrews 9:28)
This ultimate purpose of sacrifice is also supported in the story where Abraham was commanded to kill his son. In Surah 37, Al Saffat, verse 107 we read about God's miraculous, personal intervention by sparing Abraham from this terrible ordeal through "ransoming his son with a momentous sacrifice."
In the Quran we are not told the name of the son whom Jews and Christians,according to their scriptures, believe to be Isaac. Verses 112-113 speak about Isaac too. There is no word in the Arabic (like "thumma"= "then") to separate the two stories. This seems to confirm that they are part of a summary of the story where Abraham was asked to sacrifice his son. The same literary feature of summarizing a narrative at the end is found in the surrounding verses 79-82 and120-122.
Why is the sacrifice which Muslims, Jews and Christians believe to have been aram (Genesis 22:13) called "momentous", especially when compared with Abraham's son? Surely he is greater, more important, than a ram!
The greatness of the sacrifice can not just be found in the explanation that it serves as a symbol for an act of men's self purification or devotion. If that was the case, there would be no need for God to provide HIMSELF with such a great sacrifice.
For the same reason it is also unnecessary to call the sacrifice "momentous"just because since then an animal is offered by Muslims to commemorate Abraham's faithfulness and devotion. (See, "The Meaning of the Quran", by Maududi,Islamic Publications LTD. Lahore, 1992 commentary on Surah 37, Al-Saffat, verse108)
These arguments stand in sharp contrast to the Biblical view as explained above.They also contradict the definition of the word "sacrifice" being "...a religious ceremony in which something is given to a god...Persons offering it expect to receive some physical or spiritual good." (See, "The World Book Encyclopedia", Volume 17, 1982, U.S.A., page 7)
These Islamic explanations also go contrary to the teaching that the Quran teaches basically the same as all earlier prophets. (Surah 42, Al Shurah, verse13)
The solution to the problem lies in the word "ransom." It means that a person,in this case Abraham's son, is set free in exchange for someone or something else. When compared with Abraham's son, the ram by itself is not very special,in that sense it is not great. Therefore, the real importance of it has to lie somewhere else. It points to the perfect sacrifice found in Jesus Christ which can not have been abrogated otherwise it would have to be replaced with something similar or better (Surah 2, Al Baqarah, verse 106). What better could be offered to us than God dealing with our sins personally by supplying a great sacrifice for us in Jesus Christ?!
Furthermore, this great, momentous sacrifice was foretold in the Torah (e.g.Exodus 12:43-46), the Gospel, known as the Injil or the New Testament (e.g. Mark10:45), in the Psalms, known as Zabur (e.g. Psalm 22) and in the books of the Prophets, known as the Sahaif-e-anbia (e.g. Isaiah 53).
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Abdullah Ibrahim
For questions, comments, more information, a free Bible in the language of your choice, a free Bible correspondence course please send mail to Abdullah Ibrahim This article may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author, provided the meaning of the content is not changed. Last Updated 10/05/03